Relative vibration identification of cutter and workpiece based on improved bidimensional empirical mode decomposition

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering - In the process of cutting, the relative vibration between the cutter and the workpiece has an important effect on the surface topography. In this study, the...     

混凝土框架结构负弯矩区围板型粘钢加固节点抗震空间效应研究

本文以某办公楼改造工程为实例,对框架结构负弯矩区围板型粘钢加固方法的空间效应进行研究。通过ANSYS有限元软件,采用模态分析、谱分析、时程分析对3组模型进行仿真计算,对3组模型的抗震空间效应结果进行对比分析,结果均显示围板型粘钢加固方法具有较好的抗震性能。本文结果对多层或高层结构某区域梁负弯矩加固后的局部效应具有指导意义。     

How the geometry of cities determines urban scaling laws

Urban scaling laws relate socio-economic, behavioural and physical variables to the population size of cities. They allow for a new paradigm of city planning and for an understanding of urban resilience and economics. The emergence of these power-law relations is still unclear. Improving our understanding of their origin will help us to better apply them in practical applications and further research their properties. In this work, we derive the basic exponents for spatially distributed variables from fundamental fractal geometric relations in cities. Sub-linear scaling arises as the ratio of the fractal dimension of the road network and of the distribution of the population embedded in three dimensions. Super-linear scaling emerges from human interactions that are constrained by the geometry of a city. We demonstrate the validity of the framework with data from 4750 European cities. We make several testable predictions, including the relation of average height of cities and population size, and the existence of a critical density above which growth changes from horizontal densification to three-dimensional growth.     

Can video games change attitudes towards history? Results from a laboratory experiment measuring short- and long-term effects

This study investigates a video game's effects on implicit and explicit attitudes towards depicted historical events in the short- and long-term on a sample of 148 young adults. We used, as an intervention tool, a serious game Czechoslovakia 38–89: Borderlands that deals with the expulsion of the Sudeten Germans from the former Czechoslovakia after the WWII. Results showed more negative pretest-posttest explicit attitude changes towards the expulsion on a general level (d = −0.34) and a specific level (d = −0.53) compared to the control group. Over the long-term, group differences in attitude change remained significant for the specific level (d = −0.44), but not for general one (d = −0.16). Exploratory analysis on the item level indicated that especially attitudes towards the expulsion's (un)fairness were affected by the game. However, no significant changes were found in implicit attitudes in the experimental group. This study is the first of such scale to empirically investigate video games' effects on a society's historical awareness.     

长江经济带工业集聚对水环境污染的影响——基于空间计量与门槛效应的检验

经济发展与生态环境动态良性循环已经成为社会经济发展的重要议题。为实现长江经济带高质量发展，以2007—2018年长江经济带11个省市为样本，采用空间计量和面板门槛模型考察工业集聚与水环境污染之间的关系。研究表明：长江经济带各省市水环境污染具有显著的空间自相关性；长江经济带工业集聚水平和水环境污染表现出先降低后增强的“U”形变化特征，说明工业集聚水平对水环境污染的影响存在一个阈值；长江经济带工业集聚产生的规模效应和结构效应对水环境污染存在显著的双门槛效应，在不同的工业集聚水平下，规模效应和结构效应表现出不同的外部性特征；工业集聚产生的技术溢出效应对水环境污染的影响同样具有显著的双门槛作用；随着各地区工业集聚水平的提高，技术溢出效应对水环境污染的减排作用表现出先强后弱的趋势。     

一种基于FCOS神经网络的小建筑物目标检测方法北大核心

提出了一种基于FCOS神经网络的小建筑物目标检测算法,针对FCOS模型在特征提取阶段提取到的小建筑物目标特征较少问题,引入多尺度检测和可变形卷积方式,加强网络对小建筑物目标的特征提取能力,并通过改进后的SGE注意力机制降低特征图中的干扰噪声权重。改进后的网络可以提取到更多的小建筑物目标特征,对环境干扰噪声的鲁棒性更强。在自己搭建的数据集上进行了实验测试,结果表明,在相同环境下网络改进后建筑物的整体检测准确率提升了1.7%,其中对小建筑物目标提升了3.6%,减少了小建筑物目标漏检、误检的问题。     

“流空间”视角下的城市空间网络结构研究——以成渝双城经济圈为例

推动区域协调发展已经成为构建高质量发展国土空间布局的客观需要和解决发展不平衡问题的内在需求，以城市群为核心的经济圈建设成为驱动高质量发展的重要空间层级。为实现成渝双城经济圈的区域一体化及区域多层级协调发展，将流动的生产资源与城市空间结构相结合，基于人流、信息流、技术流、经济流四大流动资源，采用社会网络分析方法，分别从点、线、面3个维度对成渝双城经济圈空间网络结构特征进行分析。研究表明：经济圈内部呈现以成都、重庆为双核心的结构，区域间相互作用，城市中心性整体表现出内部优于外部的空间特征，核心城市对外围城市未充分发挥带动作用；圈内城市链接多表现出高度不对称性，链接对称地区主要集中在成渝中轴地区，城市间的联系有待加强，经济圈外围城市与外界联系较少；区域内部小团体现象明显，团体间联系密度存在差异，整体来看城市集群格局尚未形成，跨省域、跨地区的联系不够，成渝双城经济圈主要是西侧地区围绕成都发展。最后，为构建成渝经济圈一体化及区域多层级协调发展的空间格局，建议突破行政区域限制，构建多领域的跨区域共享协作通道；加强中部地区发展动力，提高外围城市的资源吸收能力；注重经济圈内城市交通建设及信息融合发展，突出核心城市的引领作用和外溢属性，促进城市间技术交流与经济融合。     

Urban lignocellulosic biomass can significantly contribute to energy production in municipal wastewater treatment plants – A GIS-based approach for a metropolitan area

The common fermentation of biogenic wastes and sewage sludge in digesters of municipal wastewater treatment plants is a technically feasible and economically viable approach. As the number of rural biogas production sites is steadily increasing, the question has been raised which biomass feedstocks are left available in sufficient quantities to be used for energy generation at wastewater treatment plant level. The contribution of lignocellulosic biomass collected from urban areas is generally neglected within this context. In the present study, 24 urban substrates have been analyzed for their theoretical methane potential, while 13 of them were tested in batch assays for the determination of their practical achievable methane yield. The theoretical evaluation of the methane potential yielded values ranging between 0.393 and 0.576 Nm³ kgVS⁻¹. The methane yields obtained by batch assays showed significantly lower yields, which depends on the individual composition of the substrates in terms of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose. A GIS spatial analysis for the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan area was performed to evaluate the feasible capacity of urban biomass as co-fermentation feedstock in digesters of municipal wastewater treatment plants. The analysis revealed that green urban areas provide a significant quantity of biomass of 377 t_FM d⁻¹ that could cover 67% of the annual energy demand of twelve typical wastewater treatment plants located in the metropolis.     

Spatial agglomeration and productivity in Italy: A panel smooth transition regression approach

The paper analyses the nonlinearities in the impact of localization, diversity, urbanization and competition on firm‐level total factor productivity (TFP), using a large sample of Italian firms from 1999 to 2007. We adopt a panel smooth transition regression model, so that the TFP elasticities are free to vary smoothly across two or more extreme values. Results show that localization economies and Jacobian externalities materialize only for values of, respectively, intra‐industry agglomeration and extra‐sectoral diversity above a certain threshold. Local competition exerts a positive effect on productivity, even though the marginal impact shrinks at high levels of competition. We find instead no evidence of diseconomies of agglomeration.     

空间H形梁柱节点的节点域滞回性能试验研究

为研究空间效应对节点域滞回性能及稳定性的影响，设计了4个不同构造的空间H形梁柱节点试件，于柱端施加恒定轴向荷载，于柱弱轴平面梁端施加恒定反对称荷载，于柱强轴平面梁端施加反对称往复荷载。试验及分析结果表明：基于平面梁柱节点试验提出的考虑竖向连接板对提高节点域稳定性的推荐公式仍适用；柱弱轴平面不平衡弯矩通过竖向连接板及横向加劲肋传递至柱翼缘，当该荷载不致引起节点域周边构件过早屈服时，若传力路径连续，节点域不直接抵抗该荷载作用；在本试验的柱弱轴平面荷载应力水平下，构造设计合理的空间试件节点域的承载力、变形能力、稳定性、耗能能力均不低于相应的平面试件。